Cancer is the proliferation of abnormal cells that fail to respond correctly to regulatory mechanisms. Carcinogenesis, a term used to describe cancer development, is a multiple-step process consisting of initiation, promotion, and progression of uncontrolled cells. A healthy diet and lifestyle are excellent for cancer prevention; this reduces the burden of frequently occurring cancers of the breast, prostate, and colon.
Effects on Cancer Developing a therapeutic strategy with high efficiency, low toxicity, and low cost to drastically eliminate tumors is the ultimate goal in cancer treatment; it remains a challenge to develop an effective therapeutic agent with good biocompatibility for cancer therapy at a minimal cost. Surgical, Chemo, Radiation, Photothermal, Photodynamic, and Immunotherapy are the different types of cancer treatment. It hypothesized that the extraction from black rice grains, denoted as BRE, could serve as a Photothermal conversion agent. Results showed that BRE confers a high Photothermal conversion efficiency of 54.13%. A study that shows the combination of BRE and near-infrared (NIR) treatment enables effective Photothermal tumor ablation and suppresses tumor metastasis via inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. In addition, BRE exhibits no toxicity in vivo. Therefore BRE could serve as a promising Photothermal therapy agent with low toxicity to treat cancer. This natural food could efficiently inhibit tumor growth; several epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest a strong relationship between colon cancer risk and dietary factors. The risk of cancer is high with a high intake of red meat and saturated fat, and the risk is low with high intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole cereals. Natural dietary agents have drawn a great deal of attention because of their potential to suppress cancers and reduce the risk of cancer development by decreasing oxidative stress. Nature's dietary agents have a great deal of attention because of their potential to defeat cancers and reduce the risk of cancer development by lowering oxidative stress. Antioxidant phytochemicals may modulate the initiation of the carcinogenesis process by protecting against DNA damage. Antioxidant phytochemicals could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cancer cell death. Antioxidants stop the formation of free radicals, which protect the body from the onset and development of cancer. Black rice consumption lowers tumor metastasis (Referred to as the spread of cancer around the body). Antioxidants, anthocyanins in black rice help protect from cell damage in the body that can cause cancer. The prevention of cancer-cell invasion; properties of peonidin, peonidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and other anthocyanins of black rice reported. In recent years, considerable studies have exhibited the ability of anthocyanins to inhibit oxidative stress and induce apoptosis in malignant cells suggesting that anthocyanins may prevent carcinogenesis. Anthocyanins extracted from black rice, especially cyanidin and peonidin-3-glucoside, showed an in vitro inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation and high protection of endothelial cells from oxidative stress events. Both native and modified black rice flour exhibited cytotoxicity and proved beneficial as anticancer agents. Compared with modified black rice flour, native black rice flour may have possible therapeutic potential against human colon cancer cells.